Cysts are closed, sac-like structures filled with fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material that can form anywhere in the body, including the skin. On the skin's surface, cysts typically present as round, palpable lumps that can vary in size from small to large. They are often benign and may be soft or firm to the touch. Common types of skin cysts include sebaceous cysts, which arise from blocked sebaceous glands, and epidermoid cysts, which originate from skin cells and are filled with a thick, cheesy substance. The primary cause of cysts is the obstruction or inflammation of glands or ducts. In sebaceous cysts, a blockage in the sebaceous gland leads to the accumulation of sebum, while epidermoid cysts result from the growth of skin cells trapped below the surface. Other causes of cyst formation can include infections, genetic conditions, or trauma to the skin. Hormonal changes and certain medications can also contribute to cyst development.
Treatment for cysts depends on their size, location, and whether they are causing discomfort or complications. Many small, asymptomatic cysts require no treatment and can be monitored over time. However, if a cyst becomes painful, inflamed, or infected, or if it affects appearance or function, medical intervention may be necessary. Treatments include drainage or removal of the cyst through minor surgical procedures, often performed under local anesthesia. In some cases, corticosteroid injections can help reduce inflammation. For recurrent or problematic cysts, surgical excision may be recommended to completely remove the cyst and prevent its return. Proper hygiene and avoiding picking or squeezing cysts can help prevent infection and complications. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can ensure appropriate management and address any concerns.
